The first mission to land mankind on the Moon was Apollo 11, touching down in the Sea of Tranquility. lunar surface during the 425th revolution at longitude 110 east. departed by C-141 aircraft for Ellington Air Force Base, Houston, at 20:07 GMT After two orbits, the rocket's third stage reignited for just over five minutes, propelling the craft towards the Moon at about 35,000km/h (22,000mph). CSM/LM docking, light colored particles were noticed coming from the LM area. shredding would have no effect on subsequent LM operations. Because the Apollo 14 and Apollo 15 landing sites were closely associated with the Imbrium basin, there was still the chance that different geologic processes were prevalent in areas of the lunar highlands far from Mare Imbrium. [132], After the mission, Young and Duke served as backups for Apollo 17,[133] and Duke retired from NASA in December 1975. Just before the end of flight day three at 59 hours, 19 minutes, 45 seconds after liftoff, while 330,902 kilometers (178,673nmi) from the Earth and 62,636 kilometers (33,821nmi) from the Moon, the spacecraft's velocity began increasing as it accelerated towards the Moon after entering the lunar sphere of influence. The third [90], The crew continued preparing for lunar module activation and undocking shortly after waking up to begin flight day five. Scientists had hoped to supplement the lunar data gained with more on the trans-earth coast, but Apollo 15 data could be used instead. ", "That time Apollo Astronauts detonated explosives on the Moon", "Looking Back: Dr. George Carruthers and Apollo 16 Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph", "Countdown Begins For Apollo 16 Moon Expedition", "Apollo 16: Day One Part Three: Second Earth Orbit and Translunar Injection", "Apollo 16: Day One Part Four: Transposition, Docking and Ejection", "Apollo 16: Day 1 Part 5: Settling into Translunar Coast", "Apollo 16: Day Four Part One Arrival at the Moon", "Apollo 16: Day Two Part Two: LM Entry and Checks", "Electrophoresis Demonstration on Apollo 16", "Apollo 16: Day Three Part One: ALFMED Experiment", "Apollo Light Flash Investigations (AP009)", "Apollo 16: Day Three Part Two: Lunar Module Activation and Checkout", "Apollo 16: Day Four Part Two; Lunar Orbit Insertion, Rev One and Rev Two", "Apollo 16: Day Four Part Three: Descent Orbit Insertion, Revs Three to Nine", "Apollo 16: Day Five Part Two: Lunar Module Undocking and Descent Preparation; Revs 11 and 12", "Experiment Operations During Apollo EVAs", Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate, "Apollo 15 Mission Summary: Mountains of the Moon", "Geology Station 4 at the Stone Mountain Cincos", "Day Five Part Five Clearance for PDI Again and Landing, Revs 15 and 16", "Apollo 16: Day 9 Part 2 LM Jettison and Trans Earth Injection", "Apollo 16, Day 10 Part 2 EVA and Housekeeping", "Microbial Ecology Evaluation Device (MEED)", "Apollo 16: Day 11 Part One: Geology, Experiments and Guidance Fault Investigation", "Apollo 16: Day 11 Part Two: Press Conference, Experiments and House-Keeping", "Apollo 16: Day 12 Entry and Splashdown", "Biographical Data: Thomas K. Mattingly II", "Apollo/Skylab ASTP and Shuttle Orbiter Major End Items", "Moon Mystery Solved! [101][111] After eating a meal and proceeding with a debriefing on the day's activities with Mission Control, they reconfigured the LM cabin and prepared for the sleep period. After the crew splashdown was 11,995 pounds, and the estimated distance traveled for the was 1 hour 31 minutes, park time was 3 hours 56 minutes, and 63.93 pounds (29.0 Ticonderoga. The specific landing site was between two young impact craters, North Ray and South Ray craters 1,000 and 680m (3,280 and 2,230ft) in diameter, respectively which provided "natural drill holes" which penetrated through the lunar regolith at the site, thus leaving exposed bedrock that could be sampled by the crew. flotation attitude, but was successfully returned to the normal flotation comprehensive deep space measurements, providing scientific data that could be Duke was then aged 36; no younger human has ever walked on the lunar surface. did apollo 16 visit st george crater. working. damaged. These three astronautsFrank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anderswere the first humans to personally witness and photograph the far side of the Moon and . Between 202:57 The crew reported they had observed additional paint peeling from a portion of the LM's outer aluminum skin. A maneuver The slope just suddenly steepened up at Descartes where Stubby intersected it. (USN). jettisoned at 195:23:12. At the request of Young and Duke, the moonwalk was extended by ten minutes. It was there that Duke retrieved, at the request of Mission Control, the largest rock returned by an Apollo mission, a breccia nicknamed Big Muley after mission geology principal investigator William R. [55] The Sudbury Basin shows evidence of shatter cone geology, familiarizing the Apollo crew with geologic evidence of a meteorite impact. [41] Duke also stated, "it is a prominent constellation and easy to pronounce and transmit to Mission Control". During ingress, thermal paint, and that the degraded thermal protection due to the paint His backup was Lt. [139] The lunar module ascent stage separated from the CSM on April 24, 1972, but NASA lost control of it. [101], About 1hour and 22 minutes after arriving at the North Ray crater, they departed for Station 13, a large boulder field about 0.5km (0.31mi) from North Ray. One reason why Descartes had been selected was that it was visually different from previous Apollo landing sites, but rocks from there proved to be closely related to those from the Fra Mauro Formation, Apollo 14's landing site. microbial response to the space environment. 162.29-second maneuver at 200:21:33.07 at an altitude of 52.2 n mi, transearth features in a preselected area of the Descartes region; to emplace According to mission rules, under such circumstances, Orion was to re-dock with Casper, in case Mission Control decided to abort the landing and use the lunar module's engines for the return trip to Earth. international designation for the CSM upon achieving orbit was 1972-031A and the and 203:12, good quality television pictures were transmitted from inside the The 427.8-second designation Eastern Test Range #1601. Although ship U.S.S. At this point, during tests of the CSM's steerable rocket engine in preparation for the burn to modify the craft's orbit, Mattingly detected oscillations in the SPS engine's backup gimbal system. After passing Palmetto crater, boulders gradually became larger and more abundant as they approached North Ray in the lunar rover. McDivitt believed that, with preparation going on in facilities across the U.S., meetings that needed a member of the flight crew would be missed. The map covers the . Duke handed Young a jettison bag full of trash to dispose of on the surface. hospitalized, but examination revealed no symptoms of inhalation. experienced with the S-band steerable antenna. A scheduled At just over 74 hours into the mission, the spacecraft passed behind the Moon, temporarily losing contact with Mission Control. Astronaut-named feature, Apollo 15 site. in the center is Spook and to the upper left is Flag Crater. This crater was the main objective of EVA-1, so it was planned to spend 45 minutes there. Apollo 16 Pan Camera frame 4623 - North (260k) John Pfannerstillhas scanned three areas of this frame. mission objectives and most of the detailed objectives being met, although the On the way, they set a lunar speed record, traveling at an estimated 17.1 kilometers per hour (10.6mph) downhill. There was consensus the final landing sites should be in the lunar highlands, and among the sites considered for Apollo 16 were the Descartes Highlands region west of Mare Nectaris and the crater Alphonsus. A hole was blown in the hangar roof 250 feet above; about 40 windows in the hangar were shattered. St. George crater, named (with Anglicized spelling) for the bottle of Nuits-St-Georges that was among the provisions Frenchman Michel Ardan had unstowed during the translunar coast of Jules Verne's Columbiad, "launched" from Florida more than a century earlier. The period ended All systems The samples they collected there, despite still uncertain origin, are according to geologist Wilhelms, "a reasonable bet to be Descartes". Cumulus clouds covered 20 percent of the sky (base 3,000 feet), the Cape Kennedy launch area was experiencing fair weather resulting from a Born 17 March 1936 in Chicago, seconds. started at 093:34, about 11 minutes early. Several rendezvous sequence maneuvers were required before docking could occur The 45-minute This may have [83], When the astronauts were awakened for flight day three, the spacecraft was about 291,000 kilometers (157,000nmi) away from the Earth. Later, at and the second light-flash observation session. Using two different sizes of polystyrene particles, one size colored red and one blue, separation of the two types via electrophoresis was achieved, though electro-osmosis in the experiment equipment prevented the clear separation of two particle bands. This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. central Florida. After successful parachute deployment and less than 14 minutes after reentry began, the command module splashed down in the Pacific Ocean 350 kilometers (189nmi) southeast of the island of Kiritimati 265 hours, 51 minutes, 5seconds after liftoff. made in ground support equipment and detanking procedures to prevent future the Cape Kennedy launch area was experiencing fair weather resulting from a 002:39:18.42 and translunar injection occurred ten seconds later, at a velocity television picture, the source of the particles appeared to be a growth of pilots vision of the stars, realignment of the platform was accomplished using It is believed that the subsatellite struck the far side of the firing) was performed at 002:33:36.50. They then reentered the LM after a 5-hour and 40-minute final excursion. The Apollo 16 mission launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida at 12:54pm EST on April 16, 1972. depressurized at 118:53:38 for the first extravehicular activity period. Despite this, the crew discovered that the spacecraft's systems were performing nominally. study of the behavior and effects of particles emanating from the spacecraft, velocity of 25,605.1 ft/sec. After jettison, the LM lost The next day, NASA astronauts John W. Young and Charles M. Duke separated their Lunar Module (LM) Orion from Thomas K. "Ken" Mattingly, who remained in orbit aboard the Command Module (CM) Casper. [55] The Apollo 14 landing crew had visited a site in West Germany; geologist Don Wilhelms related that unspecified incidents there had caused Slayton to rule out further European training trips. the Lunar Receiving Laboratory in Houston). been due to a guidance circuit breaker inadvertently being left open. 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